P2761 - Burden Beyond Borders: A Global Benchmarking Analysis of High BMI-Attributable Gallbladder Cancer Mortality and Disability in 204 Countries and Territories (1990-2021)

Rohan Talati, MBBS¹, Raghava Rao Alluri, MD², Madhu Babu Adusumilli, MD³, Sandeep Kotnani, MBBS⁴, Yashkumar Girdharlal Kamani, MD⁵, Harsimran Singh Dhanda, MBBS⁶, Freny RipalKumar Patel, MBBS⁷, Juhi Patel, MBBS⁸, Vishrant Amin, MBBS, MD⁹, Hardik Desai, MBBS¹⁰
1Pramukh Swami Medical College, Gokalnagar, Karamsad, Anand, Gujarat-, Aanand, Gujarat, India; 2Prime South GME Consortium/Harlingen Medical Center Program, Harlingen, TX; 3University of Central Florida, HCA Healthcare GME, Ocala, FL; 4Rutgers Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, NJ; 5BronxCare Health System, Bronx, NY; 6Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda., Bhatinda, Punjab, India; 7Pramukh Swami Medical College, Gokalnagar, Karamsad, Anand, Gujarat- 388325, Aanand, Gujarat, India; 8GMERS Medical College and Hospital Valsad, Milltown, NJ; 9HMH JFK University Medical Center, Milltown, NJ; 10Independent Clinical and Public Health Researcher, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India

Introduction: Obesity, driven by sedentary lifestyles and dietary shifts, is a growing global concern and a key contributor to chronic diseases, including gastrointestinal cancers. Among them, gallbladder and biliary tract cancer (GBBTC) exhibits a strong link to high body mass index (BMI), yet its burden remains poorly characterized.

Methods: The burden of GBBTC attributable to high BMI was estimated using the GBD 2021 comparative risk assessment framework, which quantifies exposure-related outcomes through population attributable fractions (PAFs). PAFs were calculated based on BMI exposure distributions, established relative risks, and a theoretical minimum risk exposure level. Age-standardized mortality, YLDs, and DALYs were assessed across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. Trends over time were measured using annual percentage change (APC).

Results: From 1990 to 2021, the annual percentage change (APC) in the total number of deaths due to gallbladder and biliary tract cancer attributable to high BMI increased by 1.08% (95% UI: 0.87%–1.25%), while DALYs rose by 0.98% (95% UI: 0.76%–1.17%) and YLDs by 1.56% (95% UI: 1.31%–1.78%). Stratified by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), the greatest increase in APC for deaths was observed in low-middle SDI countries (3.08%), followed by low SDI (2.66%), middle SDI (2.33%), high-middle SDI (0.84%), and high SDI regions (0.47%). Age-wise analysis revealed that individuals aged 55 years and older experienced the highest APC in deaths (1.10%) and YLDs (1.60%), compared to those aged 20–54 years (0.88% for deaths and 1.38% for YLDs). YLLs followed a similar pattern, with APCs of 1.01% for the 55+ age group and 0.87% for the 20–54 age group. By gender, males exhibited a consistently higher burden than females, with APCs for deaths at 1.61% vs. 0.83%, YLDs at 2.31% vs. 1.18%, and YLLs at 1.40% vs. 0.76%, respectively.

Discussion: GBBTC linked to high BMI has increased significantly since 1990, especially in low and middle SDI regions, older adults, and males. This trend reflects a shifting global epidemiology where obesity is no longer confined to affluent societies but is rapidly amplifying cancer risk in vulnerable populations. The rising burden across both fatal and non-fatal outcomes highlights an urgent need for targeted obesity prevention, early detection, and resource-tailored cancer control strategies.


Figure: Image 1

Disclosures:
Rohan Talati indicated no relevant financial relationships.
Raghava Rao Alluri indicated no relevant financial relationships.
Madhu Babu Adusumilli indicated no relevant financial relationships.
Sandeep Kotnani indicated no relevant financial relationships.
Yashkumar Girdharlal Kamani indicated no relevant financial relationships.
Harsimran Singh Dhanda indicated no relevant financial relationships.
Freny RipalKumar Patel indicated no relevant financial relationships.
Juhi Patel indicated no relevant financial relationships.
Vishrant Amin indicated no relevant financial relationships.
Hardik Desai indicated no relevant financial relationships.

Rohan Talati, MBBS¹, Raghava Rao Alluri, MD², Madhu Babu Adusumilli, MD³, Sandeep Kotnani, MBBS⁴, Yashkumar Girdharlal Kamani, MD⁵, Harsimran Singh Dhanda, MBBS⁶, Freny RipalKumar Patel, MBBS⁷, Juhi Patel, MBBS⁸, Vishrant Amin, MBBS, MD⁹, Hardik Desai, MBBS¹⁰. P2761 - Burden Beyond Borders: A Global Benchmarking Analysis of High BMI-Attributable Gallbladder Cancer Mortality and Disability in 204 Countries and Territories (1990-2021), ACG 2025 Annual Scientific Meeting Abstracts. Phoenix, AZ: American College of Gastroenterology.